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Wednesday, April 16, 2014

CRITICAL REFLECTION

Like what I have mentioned before in my previous post, I was not too pleased about needing to take this module as I thought it was an extra “burden” in addition to the already hectic university schedule. However, my opinion about the module did change, as I had expected it to, in just a few lessons. I managed to learn the correct way of using the English Language and even presentation skills which I think are really important for future usages.

To be honest, I faced difficulties with the technical side of the language like “present perfect”, “subject”, “verb tense” as I could not remember all the different types and the usage of these skills just comes to me. However, I do acknowledge the importance of it and am still trying my best to grasp them well as I believe that I should not just follow my “gut feelings” all the time, especially when I am a media student and am required to communicate with others to the best of my abilities.

Academic issues aside, I have some thoughts about the module itself too. Even though many students (including me) complained about this module being a non-credit bearing one, I actually realized a plus point about it that I was able to benefit from throughout these 13 weeks. Since this is a non-credit bearing module, I was able to write what I felt freely. I would check my work for the fear of making mistakes, but yet did not feel pressured about needing to get an “A” for it. I think this is one of the best feelings I have had towards this module and I really enjoyed feeling this way as I think that this is how a learning process should feel like – learning because I want to and not because I have to.


Lastly, I have spent enjoyable times throughout this module thanks to my tutor and course mates. The amusing conversations that my tutor had with some of my course mates were little forms of entertainment which helped to compensate for the dry contents. I feel thankful to be in this class and to have met so many nice and awesome people.

365 words


blogged @ 11:54 PM


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Tuesday, April 15, 2014

Income Inequality in Singapore


Globalization is a widely-know concept in today's world. Though it has brought uncountable benefits to the world, it is not without sacrifices. One of the key components of globalization is transnational labour mobility. This has always been a significant component in Singapore; even our forefathers were from different countries. This has allowed the entrance of foreign labourers of different calibres into Singapore. While it is crucial that Singapore embrace foreign talent, we should not allow a huge pool of lower-class foreign workers enter Singapore. Among the many negative consequences of welcoming cheaper labourers without filter, the most urgent and important consequence is the widening of income inequality, the measurement of distribution of income amongst the citizen, which was mentioned by Goldin in his TED talk (2009) as one of the problems of globalization. This occurs when employers hire cheaper foreign labourers rather than the locals, causing the locals to be unemployed, thus widening the income gap.

The income gap is visible using the Gini coefficient. Singapore's Gini coefficient in 2013 was 0.412 (after adjustment for taxes and transfers; with 0 being absolutely equal and 1 being absolutely unequal in terms of income of people in a country.) (Lim. S., 2013). This is evidence of Singapore’s uneven income distribution, which can hamper the economic growth of Singapore. According to a Nobel Prize winner Joseph Stiglitz, (as cited in Giam, 2013) income inequality will cause the poorer people to think that they are unfairly treated and they will start to lose trust in the government, which according to Non-Constituency MP, Gerald Giam (2013), is what is happening in Singapore now. 

To stop this problem from elevating, the government has already imposed a limit on the number of low wage foreign workers coming into Singapore. Quoting our Deputy Prime Minister Shanmugaratnam in the 2013 Singapore Budget discussion,.The quota for the services sector will be cut from 45 per cent now to 40 per cent from July this year…also have their S pass quota cut from 20 to 15 per cent…the marine sector, the number of foreign workers a firm can hire for each local will be cut from five to 4.5 in January 2016. It will fall further to 3.5 foreigners per local worker in 2018” (Toh, 2013). Since this was only implemented in July last year, there are no reported effects yet. However, I think that it is a logical and appropriate action taken by the Singapore government. Since there is no minimum wage law in Singapore, when foreign workers come to Singapore, the supply of labour for a particular sector increases and wages in the same sector will decrease.

The decreased wage will result in two outcomes: either Singaporeans do not take up the jobs or they are forced to accept that lowered wage to secure the job. Both outcomes will cause the income gap to widen. Limiting the number of low wage workers coming into Singapore then results in more job vacancies for locals with similar skills and education.

The government should continue doing this yearly with new limits until an appropriate percentage is found, meaning locals who are sincerely looking for a job find one while still maintaining or increasing the productivity. This is a form of legislative rule so it would be very effective in targeting the problem mentioned. However, it might cause other negative consequences which the Government might need to take note of following this rule.

One reason why employers prefer hiring foreigners rather than locals is because the latter will most likely demand higher wages due to the higher cost of living in Singapore. However, the hiring of foreigners cannot be a long term measure as it would cause unemployment rates in Singapore to increase and the income gap to widen. In response to this reason, the government decided to increase the levy for foreign workers (Toh, 2013) so that the cost of hiring a local and a foreigner would be more similar than how it is now. It was implemented in July last year along with the measure stated above.

Again, the effectiveness of the increased levy is unknown, but it was a correct move since it targets the source of the problem. However, this increases the cost of production (whether they hire foreigners or locals) and it might affect small and medium enterprises which do not have enough funds to handle this change. With regards to this, the government can provide temporary financial aid to companies that possess economies of scale but do not have the monetary reserves to handle the increase in wage. This will ensure that companies with growth potential will not need to shut down because of this increase in capital cost. On the other hand, this move should have limited effects on bigger companies with large pool of resources as the increase might be too little for them to change their hiring policy.

In conclusion, there are many social and economic problems resulting from income equality that need attention. It is shocking to witness such a high income inequality gap for a small country like Singapore and it is necessary to narrow it quickly. Even though the government took actions on their part, success will only be possible if the locals do their part by being more dedicated and appreciative of their jobs.

872 words (excluding in-text citation and title)

References
BusinessDictionary.com. (2014). What is income inequality? Definition and meaning. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/income-inequality.html
Giam, G. (2013). Budget 2013 speech – NCMP Gerald Giam. [online] Retrieved from: http://wp.sg/2013/03/budget-2013-speech-ncmp-gerald-giam/
Goldin, I. (2009). Navigating our global future. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/ian_goldin_navigating_our_global_future.html 
Toh, C.Y. (2013). Budget 2013: Foreign worker levies to go up, quotas for services and marine sectors cut. Straitstimes.com [online]. Retrieved from: http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/singapore/story/budget-2013-foreign-worker-levies-go-quotas-services-and-marine-sector 
Lim, S. (2013). Press Release: Key Household Income Trends, 2013 [online] Retrieved from: http://www.singstat.gov.sg/news/press_releases/press18022014.pdf


blogged @ 9:12 AM


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Thoughts about presentation in ES1102


In my opinion, even though the presentation may not be exactly relevant to the module, it is undeniably important to learn the necessary skills of presentation as we will be doing many presentations in school and maybe even in the future. After the presentation I had in class, my classmates and tutor pointed out on some of the presentation skills that I lack in and all those were constructive feedbacks in order for me to improve. I will be able to take note of those mistakes and more careful during future presentations.

Thus I think will be good to include presentation as one of the graded component as it serves as a good practice and students will probably take it more seriously and give it their best shot.


blogged @ 8:59 AM


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Wednesday, March 26, 2014

FINAL DRAFT

Globalization is a widely-know concept in today's world. Though it has brought huge uncountable benefits to the world, it is not without sacrifices. One of the components of globalization is transnational labour mobility. This has always been a significant component in Singapore; even our forefathers were from different countries. This has allowed the entrance of foreign labourers of different calibres into Singapore. While it is crucial that Singapore embrace foreign talent, we should not allow a huge pool of lower-class foreign workers enter Singapore. Among the many negative consequences of welcoming cheaper labourers without filter, the most urgent and important consequence is the widening of income inequality--measurement of distribution of income amongst the citizens—which was mentioned by Goldin in his TED talk (2009) as one of the problems of globalization. This occurs when employers hire cheaper foreign labourers rather than the locals, causing the locals to be unemployed, thus widening the income gap.

The income gap is visible using the Gini coefficient. Singapore's Gini coefficient in 2013 was 0.412 (after adjustment for taxes and transfers; with 0 being absolutely equal and 1 being absolutely unequal in terms of income of people in a country.) (Lim. S., 2013). This is evidence of Singapore’s uneven income distribution, which can hamper the economic growth of Singapore. According to a Nobel Prize winner Joseph Stiglitz, (as cited from Giam, 2013) income inequality will cause the poorer people to think that they are unfairly treated and they will start to lose trust in the government, which according to Non-Constituency MP, Gerald Giam (2013), is what is happening in Singapore now. 

To stop this problem from elevating, the government imposed a limit to the number of low wage foreign workers coming into Singapore. Quoting our Deputy Prime Minister Shanmugaratnam in the 2013 Singapore Budget discussion. “The quota for the services sector will be cut from 45 per cent now to 40 per cent from July this year…also have their S pass quota cut from 20 to 15 per cent…the marine sector, the number of foreign workers a firm can hire for each local will be cut from five to 4.5 in January 2016. It will fall further to 3.5 foreigners per local worker in 2018” (Toh, C.Y., 2013). Since this was only implemented in July last year, there are no reported effects yet. However, I think that it is a logical and appropriate action taken by the Singapore government. Since there is no minimum wage law in Singapore, when foreign workers come to Singapore, the supply of labour for a particular sector increases and thus wages in the same sector will decrease.

This will result in two outcomes: either Singaporeans do not take up the job or they are forced to accept that lowered wage to secure the job. Both outcomes will cause the income gap to widen. Limiting the number of low wage workers coming into Singapore then results in more job vacancies for locals with similar skills and education.
The Government should continue doing this yearly with new limits until an appropriate percentage is found, meaning locals who are sincerely looking for a job finds one while still maintaining or increasing the productivity. This is a form of legislative rule so it would be very effective in targeting the problem mentioned. However, it might cause other negative consequences which the Government might need to take note of following this rule.

One reason why employers prefer hiring foreigners than locals is because the latter will most likely demand for higher wages due to the higher cost of living in Singapore. However this cannot be a long term measure as it would cause unemployment rates in Singapore to increase and income gap to widen. In response to this reason, the Government decided to increase the levy for foreign workers Toh, C.Y. (2013) so that the cost of hiring a local and a foreigner would be more similar than how it is now. It was implemented in July last year along with the measure stated above.

Again, the effectiveness of this measure is unknown but it was a correct move made since it targets the source of the problem. However, this increases the cost of production (whether they hire foreigners or locals) and it might affect small and medium enterprises which do not have enough funds to handle this change. With regards to this, the Government can provide temporary financial aid to companies that possess economies of scale but do not have the monetary reserves to handle the increase in wage. This will ensure that companies with growth potential will not need to shut down because of this increase in capital cost. On the other hand, this move has limited effects on bigger companies with large pool of resources as the increase might be too little for them to change their hiring policy.

In conclusion, there are many social and economic problems resulting from income equality that need attention. It is shocking to witness such a high income inequality gap for a small country like Singapore and we should narrow it quickly. Even though the Government took actions on their part, success will only be possible if the locals do their part by being more dedicated and appreciative of their jobs.

876 words (excluding in-text citation and title)

References
BusinessDictionary.com. (2014). What is income inequality? Definition and meaning. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/income-inequality.html
Giam, G. (2013). Budget 2013 speech – NCMP Gerald Giam. [online] Retrieved from: http://wp.sg/2013/03/budget-2013-speech-ncmp-gerald-giam/
Goldin, I. (2009). Navigating our global future. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/ian_goldin_navigating_our_global_future.html 
Toh, C.Y. (2013). Budget 2013: Foreign worker levies to go up, quotas for services and marine sectors cut. Straitstimes.com [online]. Retrieved from: http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/singapore/story/budget-2013-foreign-worker-levies-go-quotas-services-and-marine-sector 

Lim, S. (2013). Press Release: Key Household Income Trends, 2013 [online] Retrieved from: http://www.singstat.gov.sg/news/press_releases/press18022014.pdf


blogged @ 10:55 PM


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Monday, March 10, 2014

Final reader response

According to Kraidy in "Globalization of Culture Through the Media" (2002), there has been a scholarly debate on the impact of mass media on culture. According to them, cultural imperialism means that media contents from the Westerners affect the international population largely. He states that scholars believe globalization is a more viable theory than cultural imperalism as the central idea today and that mass media has played a huge role in globalization. He concludes at the end that though mass media did not initiate the hybridization process, it did serve as a strong catalyst in accelerating the globalization process and its effects.

In my reader response I would like to pull out music culture as the focus of my discussion .Firstly, I think that the effects of cultural imperialism are still observable. Many pop songs around the world now, for example Korean-pop, Thai-pop or even Mandopop, incorporate Western pop elements and the instruments used are mostly Western instruments. We can trace back to the past as the Westerners did large promotions of their music through big music agencies which influenced the world.

Having said that, I do agree with the scholars that globalization is the main concept today because firstly, the other languages’ pop songs are not fully Westernized as they still incorporate a lot of their own culture's style, for example using their own instruments and the lyrics still projects their own culture. Secondly, these different languages' pop songs managed to get out of their own country and not just within their "own people" because of globalization through the enormous help of media. One visible trend in the world now is Korean-pop (aka K-pop). We can see the effect of globalization here through the help of media clearly because even though Korean is not a language that majority of the world understands, Korea’s music has still managed to become a big hit worldwide. Some significant evidences would be Psy topping the "Most Viewed Video" in the YouTube chart even till today (Most Viewed Video in YouTube) , Girls' Generation being the first artiste to win YouTube's "Video of the Year" 2013 (The YouTube Awards, 2013), and EXO being nominated in the EMA (European Music Awards) for Worldwide Act (MTV EMA Worldwide Act, 2013). Kpop is not the only form of music that is appreciated around the world. K-indies, K-rock and even traditional Korean music are being accepted and appreciated by non-Koreans.

To sum up, I feel that even though the traces of Western cultural imperialism can still be seen though the Western instruments used in pop songs of different languages today and the popularity of English pop, globalization is indeed the main topic in today's context. Furthermore, it is the massive use of mass media in today's society that enables us to feel the strong power of globalization.

450 words excluding in-cite text.

References:

MTV EMA Worldwide Act (2013):: 10.11.2013 :: amsterdam :: vote - best song. [online] Retrieved from: http://tv.mtvema.com/vote?category=worldwide-act¿ 

The youtube awards 2013. (2013). The youtube awards 2013 - ihagtap.com. [online] Retrieved from: http://ihagtap.com/youtube-awards-2013/

Kraidy, M. M. (2002). Globalization of culture through the media.


Most viewed video on Youtube (2014). The most viewed videos on youtube in the world of all time. [online] Retrieved from: http://en.videotrine.com/all/youtube/all-time


blogged @ 12:37 AM


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ESSAY DRAFT 2


Globalization is a widely-know concept in today's world. Though it has brought huge uncountable benefits to the world, it is not without sacrifices. One of the components of globalization is transnational labour mobility. This has always been a significant component in Singapore; even our forefathers were from different countries. This has allowed the entrance of foreign labours of different calibre into Singapore. While it is crucial that we embrace foreign talent, it is unwise to allow a huge pool of lower-class foreign workers enter Singapore. There are many negative consequences of welcoming cheaper labourers without filter and the most urgent and important consequence is the widening of income inequality-- measurement of distribution of income between the rich and poor in a country—which was mentioned by Goldin in his TED talk (Goldin, I.,2009) as one of the problems of globalization. This occurs when employers hire cheaper foreign labours rather than the locals, causing the locals to be unemployed, thus widening the income gap.

Singapore's gini coefficient in 2012 was 0.459 (after adjustment for taxes and transfers) (Yahoo Singapore Finance, 2013). This is evidence of Singapore’s uneven income distribution and this problem can hamper the economic growth of Singapore. According to a Nobel Prize winner Joseph Stiglitz, (as cited from Gerald.G, 2013) income inequality will cause the poorer people to think that they are unfairly treated and they will start to lose trust in the government, which according to Non-Constituency MP, Gerald Giam (2013), is what is happening in Singapore now. To stop this problem from elevating, the Government imposed a limit to the number of low wage foreign workers coming into Singapore. Quoting our Deputy Prime Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam in the 2013 Singapore Budget, “The quota for the services sector will be cut from 45 per cent now to 40 per cent from July this year…also have their S pass quota cut from 20 to 15 per cent…the marine sector, the number of foreign workers a firm can hire for each local will be cut from five to 4.5 in January 2016. It will fall further to 3.5 foreigners per local worker in 2018.” (Straits Times, 2013)

Since this was only implemented in July last year, there are no reported effects yet. However, I think that it is a logical and appropriate action taken by the Government. Since there is no minimum wage law in Singapore, when foreign workers come to Singapore in hope of getting a job, they are willing to and it is possible for them to accept a lower pay than what Singaporeans expect. This will result in two outcomes: either Singaporeans do not take up the job or they are forced to accept that lowered wage to secure the job. Both outcomes will cause the income gap to widen. Limiting the number of low wage workers coming into Singapore then results in more job vacancies for locals with similar skills and education.
The Government should continue doing this yearly with new limits until an appropriate percentage is found, meaning locals who are sincerely looking for a job finds one while still maintaining or increasing the productivity.

This is a form of legislative rule so it would be very effective in targeting the problem mentioned. However, it might cause other negative consequences which the Government might need to take note of following this rule.

One reason why employers prefer hiring foreigners than locals is because the latter will most likely demand for higher wages due to the higher cost of living in Singapore. However this cannot be a long term measure as it would cause unemployment rates in Singapore to increase and income gap to widen.

In response to this reason, the Government decided to increase the levy for foreign workers (Straits Times, 2013) so that the cost of hiring a local and a foreigner would be more similar than how it is now. It was implemented in July last year along with the measure stated above.

Again, the effectiveness is unknown but it was a correct move made since it targets the source of the problem. However, this increases the cost of production (whether they hire foreigners or locals) and it might affect small and medium enterprises which do not have enough funds to handle this change. With regards to this, the Government can provide temporary financial aid to companies that possess economies of scale but do not have the monetary reserves to handle the increase in wage. This will ensure that companies with growth potential will not need to shut down because of this increase in capital cost. In contrary, this move has limited effects on bigger companies with large pool of resources as the increase might be too little for them to change their hiring policy.

In conclusion, there are many social and economic problems that would result from income equality and this problem really needs attention as it is alarming to see such a huge number of 0.459 for such a small country like Singapore. Even though the Government took actions on their part, success will only be possible if the locals do their part by being more dedicated and appreciative of their jobs.

843 words (excluding in-text citation and title)

References
BusinessDictionary.com. (2014). What is income inequality? definition and meaning. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/income-inequality.html
Gerald, G. (2013). Budget 2013 speech – ncmp gerald giam. [online] Retrieved from: http://wp.sg/2013/03/budget-2013-speech-ncmp-gerald-giam/
Goldin, I. (2009). Navigating our global future. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/ian_goldin_navigating_our_global_future.html 
Y.C., T. (2013). Budget 2013: foreign worker levies to go up, quotas for services and marine sectors cut. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/singapore/story/budget-2013-foreign-worker-levies-go-quotas-services-and-marine-sector 
Yahoo Singapore Finance. (2013). Singapore’s income inequality on the rise: dept of statistics. [online] Retrieved from: http://sg.finance.yahoo.com/news/singapore-income-inequality-rise-dept-135226813.html 





blogged @ 12:32 AM


0 Comment
Wednesday, March 5, 2014

ESSAY DRAFT 1 (899 words :X)

Globalization is a widely-know concept in today's world. Even though it is a process that has brought huge uncountable benefits to the world, it is not without sacrifices. Goldin mentioned in this TED talk that rapid globalization has resulted in many problems, one of which is income inequality. One of the components of globalization is transnational labour mobility. This is a significant factor in Singapore ever since it was founded because the forefathers of our country were made up of people from different parts of the world. This aspect of globalization has allowed for the entrance of foreign labours of different calibre in Singapore. While it is crucial that we embrace foreign talent, it becomes unwise to allow a huge pool of cheap or even middle-class foreign workers to enter Singapore. There are many negative consequences of welcoming cheaper labourers without filter and the most urgent and important consequence is the widening of income inequality. This occurs when employers hire cheaper foreign labours rather than the locals, causing the locals to be unemployed, thus widening the income gap.

Singapore's gini coefficient in 2012 was 0.459 (after adjustment for taxes and transfers). This is evidence that the income distribution in Singapore is uneven to quite a large extent. It is a problem as it would hamper the economic growth of the country. According to Joseph Stiglitz (a Nobel Prize winner) (2012), income inequality will cause the poorer people to think that they are unfairly treated and they will start to lose trust in the government, which according to Non-Constituency MP, Gerald Giam (2013 APA style for speech) is happening in Singapore right now. In order to stop this problem from elevating, one step that the Government have taken is to impose a limit to the number of low wage foreign workers coming into Singapore. Quoting our Deputy Prime Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam in the 2013 Singapore Budget, “The quota for the services sector will be cut from 45 per cent now to 40 per cent from July this year…also have their S pass quota cut from 20 to 15 per cent…the marine sector, the number of foreign workers a firm can hire for each local will be cut from five to 4.5 in January 2016. It will fall further to 3.5 foreigners per local worker in 2018.
(http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/singapore/story/budget-2013-foreign-worker-levies-go-quotas-services-and-marine-sector)

Since this was only implemented in July last year, there are no reported effects yet. However, I do think that it is a logical and appropriate step taken by the Government. There is no minimum wage law in Singapore, thus when foreign workers come to Singapore in hope of getting a job, they are willing to and it is possible for them to accept a lower pay than what Singaporeans expect. This will result in two outcomes: either Singaporeans do not take up the job or they will have to accept that lowered wage in order to secure the job. Both outcomes will cause the gap to widen. Therefore, limiting the number of low wage workers coming into Singapore will result in more jobs for the locals with similar skills and education.

Improvements to be made: continue doing it for the following years, pushing the limit even more until a right percentage is found (meaning those who are sincerely looking for a job finds one-> productivity is maintained or increased.)

This is a form of legislative rule so it would be very effective in targeting the problem mentioned. However, it might cause other negative consequences which the Government might need to take note of following this rule.

One reason why employers prefer hiring foreigners than locals is because the latter will most likely demand for higher wages due to the higher cost of living in Singapore. However this cannot be a long term measure as it would cause unemployment rates in Singapore to increase and income gap to widen.

In response to this reason, the Government decided to increase the levy for foreign workers, so that the cost of hiring a local and a foreigner would be more similar than how it is now. It was implemented in July last year along with the measure stated above.

Again, the effectiveness is unknown but it is a logical step to take since it targets the reason stated above. However, it will cause an increase in cost (whether they hire foreigners or locals) and it might affect small and medium enterprises which do not have enough funds to handle this change. With regards to this, the Government can provide temporary financial aid to companies that possess economies of scale but do not have the monetary reserves to handle the increase in wage. This will ensure that companies with growth potential will not need to shut down because of this increase in capital cost. On the other hand, this move has limited effects on bigger companies with large pool of resources as the increase might be too little for them to change their hiring policy.


In conclusion, there are many social and economic problems that would result from income equality and this problem really needs attention as it is alarming to see such a huge number of 0.459 for such a small country like Singapore. Even though there are many actions taken by the Government, the success will only be possible with the efforts of local workers by being more dedicated and appreciative of their jobs.


blogged @ 9:14 PM


0 Comment